America’s Business Model
From Version 1.0 (the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union of 1776) to Version 2.0 (Constitution of The United States in 1787)
America’s founding fathers created one of the most vibrant and enduring institutions the world has ever seen --- The United States. America’s success story looks inevitable only through the rear view mirror; the journey to found this great institution and hold it together was anything but.
The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, 1776
A piece of forgotten American history can serve as a useful lesson for today’s startup founders: Before the Congress adopted the Constitution of The United States in 1787, they adopted an earlier version of the constitution in 1776: the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union --- and it was a failure.
Having suffered from the tyranny of the British Crown, the colonists were afraid of central government control and went too far the other way; they created a loose and powerless Congress through the Articles of Confederation. Under the “Constitution 1.0”, the federal government had no power to levy tax and no power to regulate inter-state commerce, leaving no money to pay the revolutionary veterans. Nearly 400 soldiers participated in what is called “the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783”, which forced the US Congress to leave Philadelphia temporarily. Can you imagine a military Coup d'état on American soil driving the Congress out of Capitol Hill today?! (Note by the Author: this piece was written back in 2013, way before Jan 6 of 2021)
In response to these challenges, the American founding fathers had the courage and tenacity to refine the Governing Model because they would not give up the pursuit of a perfect union. They revised their governing model and made a more robust federal government through the creation of the “Constitution 2.0”: the now revered Constitution of The United States. But, the work was not done; fearing too much federal power was bestowed by the new Constitution, James Madison penned the first 10 amendments to safeguard individual liberty and state rights. And the framers did not stop until they got the right balance between federal power and individual/state rights.
The Constitution of the United States, 1787
Those bold pivots by the founding fathers and subsequent amendments by future generations ensured the vitality of the Constitution and strengthened the young nation. Those changes did not come easily: they were made through passionate debates, peaceful petitions, and even outright civil war. Over the course of more than 200 years, the enshrined document endured and the country thrived. The struggles that every generation has engaged in actually forged the American character rather than weakened it. The true genius of this country is that we the people have the courage to correct mistakes, chart new courses, and through faith and hard work, create a more perfect union. This American saga continues today...
Company founders today have plenty to learn from the founding fathers of yesterday. We need the same courage to create something exceptional from an idea, but we also need the courage to revise our plans if they fail. After learning what is working and what is not, start to pivot toward a better business model, product, and go-to-market strategy. Like the founding fathers, the ability of a company’s founding team to recognize issues and reinvent smartly and swiftly is the “secret salsa” for a successful startup and an enduring business.
The birth of a business is like the birth of America; it’s heroic, chaotic and full of uncertainties; therefore, the secret to creating a lasting company is not to expect you’ve got a perfect business plan and assume everything will go accordingly, but to be prepared to confront unexpected challenges and retool strategies along the way. In fact, like this country’s framers, with courage and tenacity, the struggle to chart a new course will likely forge the character of a great company.
By Isaac Shi
February 7, 2013
